Deceptive attempts to steal sensitive information by disguising as trustworthy entities. Modern phishing uses psychological manipulation and often bypasses traditional security measures.

• Spear phishing targets specific individuals
• Whaling attacks target executives
• Vishing uses voice calls
• Smishing uses SMS/text messages

Malicious software that encrypts files or systems, demanding payment for their release. Modern ransomware often combines data encryption with data theft (double extortion).

• Average ransom demand: $200,000+
• Often targets backups
• Increasingly targets critical infrastructure
• Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) available on dark web

Unauthorized access to confidential data, often resulting in exposure or theft. The average cost of a data breach is now over $4 million globally.

• Common causes: weak credentials, unpatched systems
• Stolen data often sold on dark web
• Can take months to detect
• Regulatory fines may apply (GDPR, CCPA)

With mobile becoming our primary computing device, attackers have shifted focus. Malicious apps, insecure Wi-Fi, and device theft pose significant risks.

• 1 in 36 mobile devices has high-risk apps
• Fake banking apps common
• SIM swapping attacks increasing
• Many ignore mobile OS updates

Misconfigured cloud services and compromised accounts lead to massive data exposures. The shared responsibility model means users must secure their data.

• 90% of organizations experienced cloud breaches
• Exposed S3 buckets common
• Shadow IT creates blind spots
• API vulnerabilities increasing

Cybercriminals now use artificial intelligence to automate attacks, create convincing deepfakes, and bypass security systems with evolving malware.

• AI-generated phishing emails more convincing
• Automated vulnerability scanning
• Deepfake audio for social engineering
• Adaptive malware that learns defenses